Our skin, the largest organ in our body, shields us against the elements — especially the sun. But many years of exposure to its harsh rays can take a toll. While we may not like the resulting sunspots and leathery texture, the greater danger is skin cancer.
Although, skin cancers are relatively uncommon malignancies worldwide, there has been a progressive spike in incidences over the last few decades, particularly that of cutaneous melanomas. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma are the three most frequent primary skin cancers. In India, skin cancers constitute about 1-2% of all diagnosed cancers. Incidence of skin cancers in India is lower as compared to the Western world, but absolute number of cases is estimated to be significant.
Fortunately, there are ways to reduce your risk of getting skin cancer. Sunscreens not only prevent the skin from tanning, but mainly help guard ourselves against skin burns, photo-ageing, wrinkling pigmentation problems, etc., and in extreme cases, even skin cancer.
But when it comes to choosing a sunscreen, the doubt always remain. How much should be the SPF, gel-based or cream, when to apply, and the list is long… Here’s a complete guide to help you choose and use the right sunscreen!
WHEN: Every day! The best practice is to apply 30 minutes prior to going outdoors. Reapply every two hours of exposure and immediately after swimming or excessive sweating. Even when it’s cloudy, up to 80% of the sun’s UV radiation reaches the earth.
WHERE: All exposed skin. Experts recommend applying sunscreen to your entire body before you dress for the day. That way your skin will be protected if your clothing shifts or you remove layers.
WHY: Regular daily use of SPF 15 sunscreen can reduce your risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by about 40% and lower your melanoma risk by 50%.
WHICH: With so many choices, how do you pick a sunscreen that’s right for you? Following are some points to consider!
- Ingredients: Sunscreen includes active ingredients that help prevent the sun’s UV radiation from reaching your skin. Physical sunscreen ingredients (including the minerals titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) block and scatter the rays before they penetrate your skin while chemical sunscreen ingredients (like avobenzone and octisalate) absorb UV rays before they can damage your skin.
- Type: While selecting a sunscreen, it’s important to remember that higher the SPF, the more effective it is likely to be. But the SPF matters only when the wearer is exposed to the sun continuously for long hours. Also go for broad spectrum that protects your skin from both UVA and UVB rays.
- SPF 15: Ideal for every day, occasional exposure, like walking your dog, or driving to work.
- SPF 30 or higher: Necessary for extended outdoor activities, including running, swimming and outdoor sports. SPF 30 is a must if you work outdoors.
- For most Indian skins, any sunscreen with SPF 26 and above is sufficient. Also, be it SPF 26 or SPF 50, both need to be reapplied after three hours if you’re going to be under the sun for a long time. It’s always a good idea to keep your sunscreen bottle with you at all times.
- Water resistant: No sunscreen is waterproof; they all eventually wash off. Sunscreens labeled water resistant are tested to be effective for up to 40 minutes of swimming, while very water resistant sunscreens stay effective for up to 80 minutes in the water.
But sunscreen alone isn’t enough to keep you safe in the sun. In addition to choosing the right sunscreen and using it correctly, follow these steps to stay sun-safe:
- Stay in the shade, especially during midday hours.
- Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs.
- Wear a hat with a wide brim to shade your face, head, ears, and neck.
- Wear sunglasses that wrap around and block both UVA and UVB rays.
Know the Writer
Dr (Prof) Meenu Walia is a renowned Medical Oncologist (Cancer Specialist) with almost 30 years of medical experience. She is India’s first DNB, Medical Oncologist and has several laurels attached to her name such as the “Bharat Jyoti Award”, “Inspiring Healthcare Leaders—Dronacharya Award” and “Most Influential Women of 2021 award” to name a few. A keen cancer researcher, she is the Principal Investigator of several global clinical trials. Beyond medicine, she is deeply passionate about the welfare of cancer patients and is thus actively involved with several NGOs and awareness activities. She is a charismatic speaker having delivered an inspiring and popular talk on TEDx platform as well as authored a book for cancer patients and caregivers, “Tips for Happiness in The Shadow of Cancer”.
Dr (Prof) Meenu Walia being conferred with “Bharat Vikas Parishad Shyam Bharadwaj Cancer Awareness Award 2022-23”